Jerry's Paternal Ancestors
I am part of a paternal line that scientists have
labeled haplogroup I1. The map below shows where people of haplogroup I1
lived around 500 years ago, before modern transportation allowed people
to move easily from continent to continent. This haplogroup group
appears to have originated in Finland and more than 50 percent in the
province of Satakunta, about 35% in southern Norway, southwestern Sweden
especially on the island of Gotland, Denmark, and northern Germany, with
decreasing frequencies toward the edges of the historically Germanic
(especially Viking) sphere of influence. Some countries such as Britain
and Iceland contain significant I1 populations brought by various
settler groups such as Anglo-Saxons, Vikings and Normans, but it likely
came from Finland. They call the I1 gene the Viking Gene.
Paternal haplogroups are families of Y-chromosomes that all trace back
to a single mutation at a specific place and time. By looking at the
geographic distribution of these related lineages, we learn how our
ancient male ancestors migrated throughout the world.
Haplogroup: I1, a subgroup of I
Age: 28,000 years
Region:
Northern Europe
Example Populations: Finns, Norwegians, Swedes
Highlight: Haplogroup I1 reaches highest frequencies in Scandinavia.
I share Paternal I1 DNA with these
famous persons:
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Jimmy Buffett
Leo Tolstoy
Warren
Buffett
Alexander Hamilton
Samuel Adams
Samuel Huntington
Prince Philip, Duke of
Edinburgh
Edgar Rice Burroughs
Edwin Hubble
Mamie
Eisenhower
James Garfield
Isaac Newton
Aldous Huxley
John Steinbeck
Chester Arthur
William Williams
Katherine Hepburn
Frances Cleveland
Florence Harding
Daniel Wesson
General Tom Thumb
Rutherford Hayes
Philo
Farnsworth
John P. Morgan
Willa Cather
Sir Arthur Evans
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Haplogroup I1 can be found at levels of 10% and higher in many parts
of Europe, due to its expansion with men who migrated northward after
the end of the Ice Age about 12,000 years ago. It reaches its highest
levels in Denmark and the southern parts of Sweden and Norway.
You
find “I” almost exclusively in Europe, where about 20% of men have
Y-chromosomes belonging to the haplogroup. It began spreading about
30,000 to 45,000 years ago with some of the first Homo sapiens to
inhabit Europe.
The haplogroup's two main branches, I1 and I2,
divided about 28,000 years ago. Archaeological evidence indicates it was
a time of rapid change in Europe, as a new culture known as the
Gravettian moved westward across the continent. The Gravettian people
introduced new stone tool technology, as well as novel art forms
typified by the distinctive fertility symbols known as "Venus"
figurines.
Not long after haplogroup I arrived in Europe, the
advancing Ice Age limited most of the continent's inhabitants to its
southern fringes. Only Iberia, the Italian peninsula and the Balkans
were mild enough to support substantial numbers of humans. As a result,
the distribution of the haplogroup's branches today reflects the
migrations that took place as the glaciers began retreating about 12,000
to 15,000 years ago.
Jerry's Maternal Ancestors
I am part of a
maternal line that scientists have labeled haplogroup H24. The map below
shows where people of haplogroup H lived around 500 years ago, before
modern transportation allowed people to move easily from continent to
continent.
Maternal haplogroups are families of mitochondrial DNA
types that all trace back to a single mutation at a specific place and
time. By looking at the geographic distribution of mtDNA types, we learn
how our ancient female ancestors migrated throughout the world.
Haplogroup: H, a subgroup of R0
Age: more than 40,000 years
Region: Europe, Near East, Central Asia
Example Populations:
Basques, Scandinavians
Highlight: Mitochondrial DNA extracted from
the remains of St. Luke belonged to haplogroup H.
I share Maternal H24 DNA with these
famous persons:
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Luke the Evangelist
Marie Antoinette
Napoleon Bonaparte
Prince Philip
Susan Sarandon
Calvin
Coolidge
Copernicus
Birger Jarl
Tsarina Alexandra
Sven II Estridsen - the last Viking King |
Haplogroup H dominates in Europe, reaching peak concentrations
along the Atlantic coast. It is also common in many parts of the Near
East and Caucasus Mountains, where the haplogroup can reach levels of
50% in some populations. H originated about 40,000 years ago in the Near
East, where favorable climate conditions allowed it to flourish. About
10,000 years later, it spread westward all the way to the Atlantic coast
and east into central Asia as far as the Altay Mountains.
About
21,000 years ago, an intensification of Ice Age conditions blanketed
much of Eurasia with mile-thick glaciers and squeezed people into a
handful of ice-free refuges in Iberia, Italy, the Balkans and the
Caucasus. Several branches of haplogroup H arose during that time, and
after the glaciers began receding about 15,000 years ago, most of them
played a prominent role in the repopulation of the continent.
H1
and H3 expanded dramatically from the Iberian Peninsula, along the
Atlantic coast and into central and northern Europe. Other branches,
such as H5a and H13a1, expanded from the Near East into southern Europe.
After a 1,000-year return to Ice Age conditions about 12,000 years ago,
yet another migration carried haplogroup H4 from the Near East northward
into Russia and Eastern Europe.
Haplogroup H achieved an even
wider distribution later one with the spread of agriculture and the rise
of organized military campaigns. You can find it throughout Europe and
at lower levels in Asia, reaching as far south as Arabia and eastward to
the western fringes of Siberia.
Royal Lines
Because it is so common in the general European population,
haplogroup H also appears quite frequently in the continent's royal
houses. Marie Antoinette, an Austrian Hapsburg who married into the
French royal family, inherited the haplogroup from her maternal
ancestors. So did Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, whose recorded
genealogy traces his female line to Bavaria.
From the DNA tests done at 23andMe
for my Mother and me,
we are able to know what I received
from whom:
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Also proved with a
DNA match:
